Many people become teachers because of a teacher. Is that true of you?
Teachers have been among the most important figures in my life. I owe so much to them and to the truly sacred work of this profession. I became a teacher hoping to give back to my own students the gifts my teachers gave to me: a love of learning, a belief in the power of ideas, and a commitment to leading a reflective, examined life. My teachers helped me understand that education is not about information but transformation. They showed me a model of a life dedicated to asking the important questions—of valuing learning for its own inherent, humanizing potential. And they did this with a deep love and concern for who I became as a person. Paul speaks in Corinthians of those who can fathom all mysteries and all knowledge but have not love. All great teachers understand, as Paul did, that the sacred work of education begins with love and is empty without it.
Tell us about your family and early education.
I grew up in Roanoke, a town in southwest Virginia. I went to public school until fifth grade, when my family decided to send me to a private school called North Cross. Attending North Cross was an inflection point in my life. And I credit my mom, a gifted teacher herself, for believing in the promise of an independent school education and the difference it would make in my life. The teachers at North Cross forever changed the way I viewed learning. They helped me grow as a thinker and as a person and helped me see possibilities in myself that I never would have seen without their influence. I owe a great deal to them for being my first role models in education.
My high school years were also active and fulfilling outside the classroom. I was president of my senior class. I played three sports—cross-country, basketball, and my favorite, baseball (I kept hoping all through the ’80s and ’90s that D.C. would get a baseball team!). And I was fortunate to be at North Cross during a luminous period of athletic success for the school. The high point was my junior year, when our basketball team won the independent school championship for the state of Virginia. That was quite an accomplishment for a team from a small school in southwest Virginia to defeat the best independent school athletic programs from Richmond and Northern Virginia.
From high school, you headed to Washington and Lee. How was that experience?
I chose Washington and Lee for a number of reasons. The strength of the school’s Honor System was a key factor. I also believed the close teacher-student relationships and the sense of academic community at a small liberal arts college would be similar to what I most valued about my high school experience. And I was right. Through the influence of my professors at Washington and Lee, I began to think about teaching as my life’s calling. Before that time, I thought about school, like many students do, as preparation for something else, as a prelude to what I would one day do with my life. But my professors inspired me to think about teaching and learning as the substance of a meaningful life—not as a means to an end but an end in itself. So around my junior year I stopped asking what school was preparing me for and began to believe that life in a school was the life I was meant to lead. I hoped to follow in the footsteps of my best college teachers by becoming a professor at a liberal arts college.
And that’s why you began to pursue a Ph.D. in government at the University of Virginia?
Yes, I was drawn to graduate school at UVA because two of my professors at Washington and Lee had done graduate work there. My college town of Lexington, Va., was charming but quite small. Moving to Charlottesville and being part of a larger university culture was an exciting change.
How did your life change at UVA?
At the beginning of my second year of graduate school, I was given the opportunity to be a teaching assistant in several undergraduate courses at UVA. I look back on that period at UVA as among the happiest and most important in my life. I remember vividly a special class of UVA first-year students I had the privilege of teaching. They were my first class and will always hold a special place in my heart because it was through them that I first experienced the deep sense of happiness, connection, and purpose that makes teaching the most rewarding profession in the world.
My second year at UVA was important for another reason. I was elected to the university’s Honor Committee and ultimately became chair of the committee, responsible for administering the university’s Honor System for the entire school population of more than twenty thousand students. I learned so much about myself, about the university, and about leadership. It tied me to the school in a deep and emotional way, as I had the privilege of being the steward of one of the school’s most sacred traditions for a brief but incredibly meaningful moment. The relationships I formed, the sense of belonging to something larger than myself—all these things have stayed with me and make my years at UVA among the most special and important in my life.
Why did you leave the Ph.D. program for Stanford Law School?
Like most stories in my life, it was because of the influence of a teacher. One of my professors at UVA, Henry Abraham, was a celebrated constitutional law professor in the Government Department. His teaching began to instill in me a deep love for the law and a curiosity about what it would be like to pursue a law degree.
Then there were personal reasons. I was twenty-four years old, and I had spent my entire life within two hours of where I had grown up in Virginia. I had always challenged myself intellectually but had not stepped much beyond my comfort zone culturally and geographically.
I applied to a number of law schools outside Virginia and ultimately decided to attend Stanford. I felt it was a place that would expose me to new perspectives and broaden me as a person. So I packed up my car and drove across the country to start a new and very different adventure.
Did you enjoy law school?
Yes. I found the academic study of law to be wonderfully engaging and met some truly remarkable people. Northern California is also not a bad place to live for a few years! I always felt I would return to the East Coast, unlike many of my Stanford classmates who fell in love with the Bay Area and are still living there. But the years at Stanford played a very important role in my life. I will always feel blessed for my legal education and for the privilege of attending Stanford.
What did you do after law school?
I decided to apply for a judicial clerkship because everyone I knew who had one said it was the best legal job they ever had. I was especially interested in working for a federal appeals court judge. My constitutional law professor at Stanford, Gerald Gunther, recommended me for a job with Judge Francis Murnaghan on the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit in Baltimore, and I was fortunate to get the clerkship. (I still have the letter from Judge Murnaghan offering me the clerkship framed in my office.)
Did you enjoy the clerkship?
Judge Murnaghan was a brilliant legal mind and one of the most interesting, accomplished people I have ever met. Prior to being a federal judge, he had been assistant attorney general for the State of Maryland, president of the Baltimore City School Board, a trustee of Johns Hopkins University, and president of the Walters Art Gallery in Baltimore. He was also a devoted baseball fan and art collector. He began a wonderful tradition when he became a judge. Every afternoon Judge Murnaghan would have tea with his law clerks. We would talk about the law, his passion for collecting art, the fortunes (and sometimes misfortunes) of the Baltimore Orioles, and the history of the city of Baltimore. I learned so much from him about the law, leadership, judgment, character, and the responsibilities expected of those in positions of privilege and authority.
Did you go on to practice law?
Yes. I landed in Washington, D.C., at Covington and Burling, a firm that had a sterling reputation for the quality of its work and for attracting attorneys with an academic interest in the law. Covington was a phenomenal place with incredibly thoughtful, deeply professional people. But I wasn’t sure that I had the passion and conviction needed to make law my life’s work. Instead, a voice kept stirring inside me: “You always wanted to be a teacher; that’s what you always wanted to do.” So after a few years at Covington, I began to think about how I could get from where I was to where I knew I should be—a life devoted to living and learning within an academic community.